Python Operators

Addition - Adds values of either side of the operator

>>> a + b
13

Subtraction - Subtracts right operand from left operand

>>> a - b
-20

Multiplication - Multiplies values of either side of the operator

>>> a * 2.4
24

Division - Divides left operand by right operand

>>> c / b
16.666666666666668

Modulus - Divides left operand by right operand and returns remainder

>>> c % b
2

Exponent - Performs exponential (raise to power) calculation on operators

>>> a ** b
1000
>>> a ** 1.5
31.622776601683793

Floor Division - Divides left operand by right and returns the nearest integer whose value is less than or equal to the quotient

a//b is same as floor(a/b) where floor() can be imported from math

>>> a // b
3
>>> -10 // b
-4

Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand

c = a + b assigns value of a + b into c

>>> x = 4 * 3.4525
13.81

Adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand

c += a is equivalent to c = c + a

>>> x = 10
>>> x += 5
>>> x
15

Subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand

c -= a is equivalent to c = c - a

>>> x = 10
>>> x -= 4
>>> x
6

Multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand

c *= a is equivalent to c = c * a

>>> x = 10
>>> x *= -3
>>> x
-30

Divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand

c /= a is equivalent to c = c / a

>>> x = 10
>>> x /= 5
>>> x
2.0

Takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand

c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a

>>> x = 10
>>> x %= 7
>>> x
3

Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand

c **= a is equivalent to c = c ** a

>>> x = 10
>>> x **= 2
>>> x
100

It performs floor division on operators and assigns value to the left operand

c //= a is equivalent to c = c // a

>>> x = 10
>>> x //= 9
>>> x
1
>>> x = 10
>>> x //= -9
>>>
>>> x
-2

Returns true if values of the two operands are equal

>>> a == b
False
>>> a == 10
True

Returns true if values of the operands are not equal

>>>
>>> a != b
True

Returns true if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand

>>> a > b
True

Returns true if the value of left operand is less than the value of right

>>> c < b
False
>>>
>>> b < a
True

Returns true if value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand

>>> a >= 10
True

Returns true if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand

>>> a <= c
True

Returns True if both expressions are true

>>> a > b and a < c
True

Returns True if one of the expressions is true

>>> a > 20 or a % 2 == 0
True

Returns the boolean opposite of the right operand

Since strings and numbers except 0 are considered as True, not operator returns False for a string or number which is not 0

>>> not(10 > 4 and b <4 )
False
>>> not(a == 15)
True

Evaluates to true if a value/variable is found in the specified sequence

>>> x = range(1, 100)
>>> 55 in x
True
>>> 55.5 in x
False
>>> string = "Some letters"
>>> "me" in string
True
>>> "some" in string
False

Evaluates to true if a value/variable is not found in the specified sequence

>>> x = range(1, 100)
>>> 100 not in x
True
>>> 1 not in x
False
>>> string = "Some letters"
>>> "more" not in string
True
>>> "me" not in string
False

Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object

>>> x = "axe"
>>> y = "axe"
>>> x is y
True
>>> a = [3, 10, 25]
>>> b = [3, 10, 25]
>>>
>>> a is b
False
>>> a[1] is b[1]
True
>>> [] is []
False

Evaluates to false if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object

>>> x = [3, 10, "twenty"]
>>> y = [3, 10, "twenty"]
>>> z = x
>>> y is not z
True
>>> x is not z
False
>>> dict() is not dict()
True

Binary And: compares corresponding bits of two integers and returns 1 if both are 1 else returns 0

>>> 17 & 13
1
>>> bin(17 & 13)
'0b1'

Binary Or: compares corresponding bits of two integers and returns 0 if both are 0 else returns 1

>>> bin(17|13)
'0b11101'
>>> 17 | 13
29

Binary XOR: compares corresponding bits of two integers and returns 0 if both are same

>>> bin(17^13)
'0b11100'
>>> 17 ^ 13
28

>>> bin(~17)
'-0b10010'
>>> ~17
-18

Binary Left Shift: The left operand's value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand

>>> bin(13)
'0b1101'
>>> bin(13<<1)
'0b11010'
>>> bin(13<<2)
'0b110100'
>>> bin(13<<3)
'0b1101000'
>>> 13<<2
52

Binary Right Shift: The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand

'0b10001'
>>> bin(17>>1)
'0b1000'
>>> bin(17>>2)
'0b100'
>>> bin(17>>3)
'0b10'
>>> 17>>1
8

**

Exponentiation (raise to the power)

~

One's complement

* / % //

Multiply, Divide, modulo and floor division

Addition and subtraction

>> <<

Right and left bitwise shift

&

Bitwise AND

^ |

Bitwise exclusive `OR' and regular `OR'

<= < > >=

Comparison operators

<> == !=

Equality operators

= %= /= //= -= += *= **=

Assignment operators

is is not

Identity operators

in not in

Membership operators

not or and

Logical operators